From Tulips to Crypto: A History of Financial Bubbles

Every bubble shares common elements: a genuine innovation, easy credit, belief in permanently rising prices, and eventual collapse. Tulip Mania in 1637 involved rare flower bulbs. The South Sea Bubble in 1720 involved colonial trade. Railway Mania in the 1840s involved railroad stocks.

The dot com bubble involved internet companies. The housing bubble involved mortgages. The crypto boom involved digital currencies. Each time, rational investment turned into mania.

The pattern repeats because human psychology does not change. Greed, fear, and herd behavior drive bubbles as surely as economics..